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There are many theories about the etiology of alcoholism, ranging from the conviction that it results from sin to the belief that it is the result of a biochemical flaw. Recent evidence supports the belief that alcoholism results from a complex interaction of neurophysiological, psychological, sociological, pharmacological, cultural, political, and economic factors.
This chapter examines some of the most important of these theories ranging from Carl Jung’s spiritual account to conflict theories to learning theories to Robert Cloninger’s neurochemical tridimensional personality theory to stages-of-change theories. Complex, sometimes competing, sometimes complementary, this array of primarily psychological theory is fascinating. It also has profound clinical implications. As you read, think about ways, if it is possible, to integrate the various theories and consider how you might apply them to clinical work.
To understand the phenomenon of alcoholism, we will need to look at the chemical and drug; its physical and psychological effects; the people who drink it; and the families, societies, and cultures those people live in. This book begins with an examination of the chemical and drug, with alcohol itself.