This chapter shall first consider the historical and conceptual contexts, with particular emphasis on differential conceptual orientations between behavioral medicine and psychosomatic medicine, which is also concerned with emotions and disease. Then will follow a review of the substantive research contributions from studies carried out with a behavioral-medicine conceptual orientation. This review will consider those aspects of behavioral medicine research relevant to etiology and pathogenesis of disease, to modification of lifestyles associated with increased risk of disease, and to direct treatment of disease. (47 pp.)