We now present an attributional framework that resolves several theoretical controversies about the effects of uncontrollability in humans. In brief, we argue that when a person finds that he is helpless, he asks why he is helpless. The causal attribution he makes then determines the generality and chronicity of his helplessness deficits as well as his lowered self-esteem (121 pgs).
Download Author: Seligman, Martin E.P.
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Learned Helplessness and Depression
This chapter highlights qualities that depression and the phenomenon of learned helplessness have in common. It suggests that learned helplessness can provide a model for understanding reactive depression, or depression caused by environmental rather than internal events (110 pgs).
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